Concrete.
Concrete is strong and cheap, but heavy in CO₂. Cement production is one of the industry's great climate challenges. Consider CLT or recycled concrete as alternatives.
- Carbon Footprint (GWP)
- 0.13 kg CO₂-eq/kg
- Density
- 2400 kg/m³
- Expected Lifespan
- 100+ år
Source: ECO Platform EPD-gennemsnit
What is concrete?
Concrete is the world's most widely used building material. It's strong, fire-resistant, and can be cast into almost any shape. However, it carries a significant carbon footprint, primarily from cement production which accounts for approximately 8% of global CO₂ emissions.
Carbon Footprint Compared
Negative carbon footprint (green) indicates carbon storage. Data based on EPD averages from ECO Platform and estimates per EN 15804.
Typical Applications
- check_circle Foundations
- check_circle Floor slabs
- check_circle Load-bearing walls
- check_circle Stairs
- check_circle Basements
In Renovation
In renovation, concrete is primarily used for foundation reinforcement, new basements, and floor slabs. Always consider whether existing concrete elements can be reused rather than demolished.
Questions about concrete
What is the carbon footprint of concrete?
Concrete typically has a GWP of 0.10–0.20 kg CO₂-eq/kg, depending on cement content. One cubic meter of concrete (approx. 2,400 kg) generates 250–480 kg CO₂. The sheer volumes used in construction make this significant.
Are there more sustainable alternatives to concrete?
Yes — CLT (cross-laminated timber) is the most obvious alternative for load-bearing structures. Recycled concrete and low-cement mixes (e.g. with fly ash) also reduce CO₂ significantly.
Can concrete be recycled?
Yes, concrete can be crushed and used as aggregate (recycled fill), though the CO₂ from original production has already occurred. Using recycled concrete aggregate in new mixes reduces the need for virgin materials.
When is concrete the right choice?
Concrete is difficult to replace in foundations, basements, and high-load bearing structures. For floor slabs and walls, CLT and light steel construction can often serve as alternatives.
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