Tiles and Ceramics.
Ceramic tiles are a moderate CO₂ material with a long lifespan. The long lifespan and low maintenance make them a good lifecycle choice in wet rooms. Read the numbers together with function, lifespan, detailing and the specific building element.
- Carbon Footprint (GWP)
- 0.7 kg CO₂-eq/kg
- Source: ECO Platform EPD average
- Density
- 2000–2400 kg/m³
- Expected Lifespan
- 50–100 years
How to use this assessment
The assessment of tiles and ceramics is a first decision basis. Carbon numbers, density and lifespan give a point of comparison, but the material must always be read together with structure, moisture, fire requirements, detailing, maintenance and the condition of the existing building. A good material choice is therefore both a data question and an architectural judgement. The useful next step is to clarify which questions should be examined further before the material is specified in a project.
What is tiles and ceramics?
Tiles are ceramic pieces fired at high temperatures. Used for floors, facades, bathroom walls, and terraces. Very durable and maintenance-free, but production requires high temperatures and results in a moderate carbon footprint.
Carbon Footprint Compared
Negative carbon footprint (green) indicates carbon storage. Data based on EPD averages from ECO Platform and estimates per EN 15804.
Typical Applications
- check_circle Bathroom walls and floors
- check_circle Kitchen floors and splash backs
- check_circle Terraces and outdoor floors
- check_circle Facade cladding (large format)
In Renovation
Tile replacement is one of the most common bathroom renovations. Consider laying new tiles over old ones (possible with thin tiles) — this saves demolition time and CO₂ from disposal.
Questions about tiles and ceramics
What is the difference between floor tiles and wall tiles?
Floor tiles (klinker) are dense (glazed or unglazed) with water absorption below 3%. They are used for floors and damp rooms. Wall tiles may have higher water absorption and are primarily used for walls in dry rooms.
Are tiles maintenance-free?
Almost — the tile itself is extremely durable. The grout (mortar) requires periodic cleaning and can crack over time. Epoxy grout is more durable than cement grout in damp rooms.
Can tiles be recycled?
Yes, tiles can be removed with careful demolition and reused directly. However, removing old mortar is time-consuming. Crushed ceramics are used as road aggregate and in concrete mixes.
Are large or small tiles best?
Large tiles (60×60 cm or more) give fewer grout joints, are easy to clean, and look contemporary. Small tiles and mosaic tiles are more movement-tolerant and provide more slip resistance.
Related Materials
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