Solar Panels (PV).
Solar panels are one of the best climate investments for a house. The CO₂ payback period is 1–2 years and after that all production is CO₂-free for 25+ years. Read the numbers together with function, lifespan, detailing and the specific building element.
- Carbon Footprint (GWP)
- 500 kg CO₂-eq/kWp
- Source: estimatee based on the EN 15804 average (polycrystalline silicon)
- Density
- 10–15 kg/m²
- Expected Lifespan
- 25–30 years (output loss ~0.5% per year)
How to use this assessment
The assessment of solar panels (pv) is a first decision basis. Carbon numbers, density and lifespan give a point of comparison, but the material must always be read together with structure, moisture, fire requirements, detailing, maintenance and the condition of the existing building. A good material choice is therefore both a data question and an architectural judgement. The useful next step is to clarify which questions should be examined further before the material is specified in a project.
What is solar panels (pv)?
Solar panels (photovoltaic panels) convert sunlight directly into electricity. Typically installed on roofs or as facade elements. The CO₂ footprint from production is typically repaid within 1–3 years through CO₂-free electricity production. Thereafter they produce clean, renewable energy for 25–30 years.
Carbon Footprint Compared
Negative carbon footprint (green) indicates carbon storage. Data based on EPD averages from ECO Platform and estimates per EN 15804.
Typical Applications
- check_circle Roof-mounted PV systems
- check_circle Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV)
- check_circle Carports and pergolas
- check_circle Balcony systems (plug-in)
In Renovation
Solar panels are an obvious measure during roof renovation — install them while roof access is open. Combine with adding insulation and replacing roofing to maximise the investment.
Questions about solar panels (pv)
What is the CO₂ payback time for solar panels?
Monocrystalline silicon cells have a CO₂ payback time of approximately 1–2 years in Danish sunlight conditions. Over 25 years they typically produce 10–20 times more CO₂-free energy than used in production.
What is the average output in Denmark?
A 1 kWp system typically produces 850–1,000 kWh/year in Denmark. A standard house with 4 kWp on the roof produces approximately 3,500–4,000 kWh/year — enough to cover 50–70% of an average house's consumption.
What happens to solar panels at end of life?
Solar panels can be partially recycled (aluminium frames, glass, copper are recycled). The silicon core is difficult to recycle, but EU directives are tightening requirements for producer responsibility for recycling.
Do solar panels require planning permission?
In Denmark, solar panels normally do not require building permission, but the municipality must be notified. In certain heritage and listed areas there are restrictions. The local plan may impose limitations.
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